Lubrication of internal-combustion engines



' 1,629,695 May 1927' R. c. GARLAND LUBRICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Sept. 13, 1926- Patented May 24, 1927.

umre' STATES PATENT OFFICE.

RALPH e, eanrann, o'rzpnrnorr, MICHIGAN, nssrenon 'ro SKINNER auroznorrvn DEVICE 00., mc lor nn'rnorr, MICHIGAN, A conronnrron oncALIronNIa.

nunnrcn'riofn: on INTERNAL-COMBUSTION enemas.

v -App1ication filed September 13, 1926. Serial No. 134,958.

In withdrawing fluids, especially impure or polluted lubricating-oil, from around the' pistons of internal-combustion" engines in order that its-rectification and return to the lubrication system of the engine' for fur ther use may beeffected, it has been found that the conduit or passage through which such oil is abstracted from the piston may beleft open or uncovered temporarily vfor a"'small portion of the time,'by reason of the reciprocation of the piston, without substantially disturbing or deranging the engine carburetion, even when the source of suction for such oil-withdrawal is the partial vacuum present in the intake manifold' of the engine, provided a suitable, 'small or metered hole or passage is presentin the piping system, to limit the, amount of air which can be drawn into the intake-manifold; therethrough. 1L1" j In the development of constructions of this character, especially for the sleeve or Knight type of engines, several advantages,

structural, functional, and manufacturing, 'p were found to accrue from the style and form of mechanism constituting the subly connected to, the other cylinders of the In an appliance of this character, it is desirable to have the small or limiting hole or passage near the piston, but with a rela-' tively large cavity or mouth for the accumulation of oil, sothat when the hole or passage is'uncovered, owing to its small size, it will, for a time, be somewhat clogged,

or at least partially closed, by the oil, ac-

cumulated in the adjacent, larger mouth-or recess, flowing therethrough in a restricted manner;

art may fully understand the present invention in its several aspects, a present, desirable embodiment ofthe same has been depicted in the accompanying drawing, throughout the views of which like reference characters have been used for the same vsleeve The outer, sliding sleeve 18 h-as'a port 23 therethrough inregiste'r with and in constant parts. In this drawing;-

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary, vertical,,central section through one o linderof a-multi-cyl Fig. 2 is an elevation of a small portion preferably near the piston,

In order that those" acquainted with this Q tions with theother parts otthe mechanism,

of the outer surfacepf the inner, reclprocatory sleeve, showing the metered passage referred to above.

Turning to this drawing, it will be seen that the engine or motor comprises the custon1ary,-' water-jacketed cylinder 12 having theusual inlet and exhaust ports 13 and 14,

a reciprocatory piston 15, its connecting-rod 16, an inner, sliding sleeve 17, and an outer,

reciprocating sleeve 18, both sleeves being located between the piston and the cylinder,

as is common practice, and both being provided with ports co-operating, as is usual, with the intake and discharge ports of the cylinder.

The cylinder, sle'eves'and piston-are lubricatedin any approved away, as by oil splashed on them. by the movements of'the connecting-rod'co-operating with a supply of oil in the lower part of the crank-case 19, of which only a small section of the upper portion is shown.

- AUproperly-located port 21, through the cylinder sidewall directly. below the inlet ort 13, isin communication with a horizontal, flattened, tubular manifold 22 p0si-' tionedalongside of, and similarly operativemulti-cylinderengine, such manifold being joined to an oil rectifier (not shown), in

mani'fold ofthe engine as'a; source ofsuction s sf to withdraw the impure oil from the engine andkdeliver it into the rectifier andto facilitate thevaporization therein of'cont'aminating ingredients.

Inasmuch as such rectifiers. their associaand their manner of functioning, are well understood in the art, it has not beendeemed necessary to illustrate this portionof the communication with. the cylinder-port 21 and with a long groove 24 cut" in and dis-.

posed lengthwise of the outer surface of the inner sleeve, the lower'end of such channel "ios 24, by means of a small, shallower, metered .throug the piston-wall to its hollow, interior chamber, which, of course, is always in open connection with the upper part of the interior of the crank-case. i

For a certain portion of the travel of the piston, its transverse groove 27, in which" impure oil collects, is in communication with the inner-sleeve port 26, at which suction is always present by reason of its uninterrupted connection with the manifold 22, the sub-atmospheric pressure in which is, as has been explained, brought about by its pipe connection with, the engine intake-manifold through the rectifier.

During the limited period of such register,

the impure oil, aerated by air from the crankcase entering the groove through the bleeder port 28, is withdrawn or abstracted from the piston-groove through the connections 26, 25, 24, 23 and 21, to the manifold 22, from which it is sucked or. drawn into, and purified in, the rectifier, and then returned, 'either intermittently or continu ously, to the crank-case, the separated air, vapors and gasilied, polluting ingredients passing into the engine through the intakemanifold, where they are consumed with the gaseous-mixture fuel.

During a portion of the sliding travel of the piston, the sleeve-port 26 is closed by the piston-skirt, and, for a partof the time, upon further ascent'of the piston, the port will. he unclosedor uncovered, and it is during this period that the metered channel 25 performs its-particularly valuable and cfificient functionf While the piston is moving, a certain amount ofoil collects in the port 26, which, duringthat peribd, is covered by the skirt of the piston, so that the vacuum is unbroken,

When such piston-skirt rises above the sleeve-port; the vacuum is relieved, and the accumulated oiland air are drawn or sucked through the small channel 25 into the rectifier, but such passage, because of its small and restricted cross-section, presents so much resistance to the flow of the oil thcrethrough, that but comparatively little air enters the system before the sleeve-port is again closed by the piston, and the amount of air thus drawn into the intake-manifold has no substantial, detrimental effect on the 'carbure tion, 7 t

The invention is not restricted tothe exact construction illustrated and described '111 detail, and several, minor, mechanical changes may he made therein without d epartin from the-invention as defined lo the following claims and without the loss 0 any combination of an engine-cylinder having a port through its side-wall a piston having an oil-collecting groove reciprocatory in said cylinder, a movable sleeve between said piston and cylinder, means to lubricate said cylinder, piston and sleeve, said sleeve having a longitudinal groove of substantial size in its surface adapted to communicate with said cylinder-port, a port through thesleeve adapted to register at least part of the time with said piston-groove, and a small-metered channel connecting said longitudinal sleeve groove and said sleeve port, whereby the contents of said piston-groove maybe removed through said cylinder-port.-

2. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination of an engine-cylinder having a port through its side-wall, a piston having a transverse oil-collecting groovereciprocatory in said cylinder, a movable sleeve between said piston and cylinder, means to lubricate 'said cylinder, piston and sleeve, said sleeve having an external longitudinal groove of substantial size in its outersurtace adapted to communicate with said cylinder-port, a

port through said sleeve below said longitudinal groove and adaptedto register at least part of the timewith said pistongroove, and a smalhmetered channel on. the outer surface of the sleeve connecting said longitudinal sleeve groove with said sleeve port, whereby the contents of said pistongroove may be removed through saidcylinder-port.

3. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination ofan engine-cylinder having a port through 'its side-wall, a piston having an oil-collecting groove reciprocatory in sai cylinder, an outer movable sleeve having a port therethrough registering *with said cylinder-port, an inner sleeve-between said outer sleeve and said piston, means to lubricate said cylinder, piston and sleeves, said inner sleeve having a longitudinal groove of.

substantial size on its outer surface in communication with the port through said outer sleeve, 11 port through said inner sleeve adapted to register at least part of the time with said piston-groove, and a small-metered channel on the outside of said inner sleeve 'zonnecting said longitudinal sleeve groove with said inner sleeve port, whereby the contents of said piston-groove may he ro moved through said cylinder-port.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand. 1

RALPH C. GARLAND, 

